2021 edTPA Administrative Report

Introduction

This report presents analyses based on teacher candidate performance from January 1 to December 31, 2021. Reports for previous years are available on the resource library at edTPA.org. link opens in a new window

The map below shows the states participating in edTPA as of January 2021. The map indicates states with edTPA implementation policy in place and those expecting to have an implementation policy in place soon. Visit the "About" page of this website for up-to-date information on states and their policies.

Map of the states participating in edTPA in 2021

Stanford Center for Assessment, Learning, and Equity (SCALE) is the sole developer of edTPA, and Stanford University is the exclusive owner of edTPA. The University has a licensing agreement with the Evaluation Systems group of Pearson to provide operational support for the national administration of edTPA.

Policy in Place. In general, these states have statewide policies in place requiring a state-approved performance assessment as part of program completion or for state licensure and/or state program accreditation/review. In these states, edTPA also has been approved as a performance assessment for these purposes. States with a policy in place are colored red, and include:

Alabama
Arkansas
California
Connecticut
Hawaii
Illinois
Iowa
Maryland
Minnesota
New Jersey
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oregon
South Carolina
Tennessee
Utah
West Virginia

Taking Steps Toward Implementation. edTPA is being considered at the state level as a licensure requirement. States taking steps toward implementation are colored gray, and include:

Texas

Teacher Preparation Program Participation in edTPA. At least one provider of teacher preparation, either traditional or alternative, is exploring or implementing edTPA. States with teacher preparation participation in edTPA are colored gold, and include:

Alaska
Arizona
Colorado
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Indiana
Kentucky
Louisiana
Michigan
Mississippi
Nebraska
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Dakota
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
Wisconsin
Wyoming

Reliability and Validity Evidence

Inter-Rater Agreement

The Inter-Rater Agreement Rates table provides agreement rates for each rubric as well as for judgments overall. Inter-rater agreement (IRA) measures to what extent multiple raters provide ratings of items or performance tasks consistently. The check of IRA is part of the general quality control for a scoring process, and it requires a process that randomly assigns portfolios to be read by two scorers, independently.

Exact agreement—proportion of cases in which the first and second scores match exactly;
Adjacent agreement—proportion of cases in which the first and second scores are apart by one score point, in absolute value; and
Exact + Adjacent agreement—proportion of cases in which the pairs of scores are +/- 1 score point apart from each other.

The kappa-n provides chance-corrected agreement, or inter-rater agreement measures that result from removing exact + adjacent agreement that may have occurred randomly (Brennan & Prediger, 1981). Chance-corrected agreement ranges from zero to one. There are no widely accepted guidelines for what constitutes an adequate value of the coefficients, although higher values represent greater levels of agreement. The table below shows kappa-n for both exact agreement and exact + adjacent agreement.

The data set included 4,814 complete submissions from 13-rubric, 15-rubric, and 18-rubric handbooks that were scored independently by two scorers as part of the random sample of double-scored portfolios for the 2021 administration cycle. (Note: 13-rubric handbooks do not have rubrics 4 and 14.)

Task by Inter-Rater Agreement

Task 1: Planning

Rubric	Exact	Adjacent	Exact plus Adjacent	Kappa n Exact	Kappa n Adjacent plus Exact
Rubric 01	0.674	0.310	0.985	0.593	0.968
Rubric 02	0.564	0.382	0.946	0.455	0.888
Rubric 03	0.578	0.399	0.977	0.472	0.952
Rubric 04	0.599	0.379	0.978	0.498	0.954
Rubric 05	0.630	0.328	0.958	0.537	0.912

Task 2: Instruction

Rubric	Exact	Adjacent	Exact plus Adjacent	Kappa n Exact	Kappa n Adjacent plus Exact
Rubric 06	0.871	0.124	0.995	0.839	0.990
Rubric 07	0.647	0.340	0.987	0.559	0.973
Rubric 08	0.625	0.356	0.981	0.532	0.961
Rubric 09	0.604	0.368	0.972	0.505	0.943
Rubric 10	0.587	0.389	0.976	0.483	0.950

Task 3: Assessment

Rubric	Exact	Adjacent	Exact plus Adjacent	Kappa n Exact	Kappa n Adjacent plus Exact
Rubric 11	0.575	0.388	0.963	0.468	0.923
Rubric 12	0.530	0.414	0.944	0.412	0.884
Rubric 13	0.529	0.427	0.956	0.411	0.908
Rubric 14	0.593	0.382	0.975	0.491	0.948
Rubric 15	0.574	0.396	0.970	0.467	0.937

Overall Average

Exact	Adjacent	Exact plus Adjacent	Kappa n Exact	Kappa n Adjacent plus Exact
0.612	0.359	0.971	0.515	0.939

Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC)

The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) is a reliability estimate that provides information about both the degree of correlation and agreement between measurements. For edTPA, SAS GLM was used to obtain information necessary for calculating the ICCs following the procedures of McGraw & Wong (1996). The ICC is an estimate of inter-rater reliability and shows the variation between two raters across candidates and is provided for edTPA handbooks with 35 or more double scored reliability submissions. The table also provides the 95% confidence interval (CI), quantifying the stability of the estimate. For the purposes of the table, these ICCs were obtained assuming one-way random effects, absolute agreement, using a single rater/measure.

Note: The submissions used in this analysis had scores reported in 2021, were part of the reliability double scoring sample, and included the 15 national rubrics. Language fields of study were removed as were any fields without at least 30 pairs of candidate scores.

Handbook	N	ICC	95% CI Lower Bound	95% CI Upper Bound
Agricultural Education	43	0.58	0.43	0.73
Business Education	20	0.09	negative 0.04	0.22
Early Childhood	561	0.73	0.69	0.77
Elementary Education: Literacy with Mathematics Task 4	1,486	0.74	0.72	0.76
Elementary Education: Mathematics with Literacy Task 4	194	0.42	0.35	0.49
Elementary Literacy	451	0.75	0.71	0.79
Elementary Mathematics	269	0.73	0.68	0.78
English as an Additional Language	23	0.72	0.54	0.90
Family and Consumer Sciences	10	0.48	0.17	0.79
Health Education	8	0.73	0.42	1.04
K–12 Performing Arts	317	0.65	0.60	0.70
Middle Childhood English-Language Arts	95	0.68	0.59	0.77
Middle Childhood History/Social Studies	91	0.77	0.68	0.86
Middle Childhood Mathematics	122	0.69	0.61	0.77
Middle Childhood Science	72	0.79	0.70	0.88
Physical Education	71	0.60	0.49	0.71
Secondary English-Language Arts	392	0.71	0.67	0.76
Secondary History/Social Studies	378	0.69	0.64	0.74
Secondary Mathematics	202	0.75	0.69	0.81
Secondary Science	221	0.71	0.65	0.77
Special Education	556	0.66	0.62	0.70
Technology and Engineering Education	6	0.72	0.36	1.08
Visual Arts	162	0.72	0.65	0.79

Candidate Performance

Overall Scores

The histogram presents the frequency distribution of scores from the edTPA portfolios, in fields scored based on 15 rubrics and submitted January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021.

This represents the distribution of final scores on all complete portfolios scored on five separate rubrics within each of the three major edTPA tasks: planning, instruction, and assessment.

the score distribution of edTPA portfolios, in fields scored based on 15 rubrics and submitted January 1 to December 31, 2021. This represents the distribution of final scores on all complete portfolios scored on five separate rubrics within each of the three major edTPA tasks: planning, instruction, and assessment. There are five levels of possible performance for each rubric, with level 3 characterizing "ready to teach" and a total score range from 15 to 75. This figure shows that scores are approximately normally distributed across this range.

Task and Rubric Scores

Summary descriptive statistics and distributions for each task and rubric for the 28,943 edTPA portfolios, in fields scored based on 15 rubrics and submitted January 1 to December 31, 2021, are presented in the following table, including Mean, Standard Deviation, Standard Error of the Mean, and Minimum/Maximum score obtained.*

Task 1: Planning

Rubric	Mean	S.D.	SE of Mean	Min	Max
P01	3.0	0.5	0	1	5
P02	2.8	0.7	0	1	5
P03	3.0	0.6	0	1	5
P04	2.9	0.6	0	1	5
P05	2.8	0.6	0	1	5
Task 1 Total	14.5	2.2	.01	5	25

Task 2: Instruction

Rubric	Mean	S.D.	SE of Mean	Min	Max
I06	3.0	0.3	0	1	5
I07	2.9	0.5	0	1	5
I08	2.8	0.5	0	1	5
I09	2.8	0.6	0	1	5
I10	2.7	0.6	0	1	5
Task 2 Total	14.3	1.8	.01	5	25

Task 3: Assessment

Rubric	Mean	S.D.	SE of Mean	Min	Max
A11	2.9	0.7	0	1	5
A12	3.3	0.8	0	1	5
A13	2.7	0.7	0	1	5
A14	2.8	0.7	0	1	5
A15	2.9	0.7	0	1	5
Task 3 Total	14.5	2.7	.02	5	25

Overall Total

Mean	S.D.	SE of Mean	Min	Max
43.3	5.6	.03	15	75

*Does not include 13-rubric fields (World Language, Classical Languages); includes first 15 rubrics of Elementary Education only.

Modeled Candidate Passing Rates

The Modeled Pass Rates Table reports the percentage of candidates who would have "passed" edTPA at different potential cut scores, within the range of a total score between 35–42, for edTPA assessments with 15 rubrics.

Cut Score	Modeled Overall Passing Rate
35	92.2%
36	90.2%
37	87.5%
38	84.4%
39	81.8%
40	78.1%
41	73.5%
42	68.6%

Performance by Demographic Groups

Teaching Context (School Locale)

The School Locale Table displays mean scores, standard deviations, and submission volumes by teaching placement categories.

School Locale	N	% of N	Mean	Std Dev
City	7,153	31.31%	43.24	5.69
Rural	4,482	19.62%	43.43	5.57
Suburb	7,402	32.40%	43.71	5.50
Town	3,490	15.28%	43.24	5.42
Declined to answer	316	1.38%	43.56	5.65

Teaching Context (Learning Environment)

The Learning Environment Table displays mean scores, standard deviations, and submission volumes by virtual vs non-virtual learning environment.

Learning Environment	N	% of N	Mean	Std Dev
Non-VLE	13,714	60.04%	43.45	5.58
VLE	9,129	39.96%	43.41	5.56

Teaching Context (Student Characteristics)

The Student Characteristics Table displays a set of variables associated with student characteristics in the candidate's placement.

% ELL Students	N	% of N	Mean	Std Dev
<10%	13,172	57.66%	43.52	5.55
10 to 25%	3,333	14.59%	43.48	5.58
26 to 50%	1,540	6.74%	43.34	5.47
51 to 75%	685	3.00%	42.71	5.69
76 to 100%	1,048	4.59%	43.03	6.01
Decline to answer	3,065	13.42%	43.34	5.51

% Students Free and Reduced-Price Lunch	N	% of N	Mean	Std Dev
<10%	2,392	10.47%	43.88	5.43
10 to 25%	2,371	10.38%	43.83	5.62
26 to 50%	2,545	11.41%	43.77	5.47
51 to 75%	2,480	10.86%	43.56	5.55
76 to 100%	7,548	33.04%	43.04	5.58
Decline to answer	5,507	24.11%	43.39	5.61

% Students SPED Eligibility	N	% of N	Mean	Std Dev
<10%	9,689	42.42%	43.52	5.51
10 to 25%	5,561	24.34%	43.48	5.60
26 to 50%	1,765	7.73%	43.07	5.56
51 to 75%	349	1.53%	42.17	5.76
76 to 100%	1,634	7.15%	43.76	5.68
Decline to answer	3,845	16.83%	43.29	5.59

Program Type

The Program Type Table displays mean scores, standard deviations, and submission volumes for each educator preparation program type.

Teacher Preparation Route	N	% of N	Mean	Std Dev
Traditional EPP	19,391	84.89%	43.56	5.46
Teach for America	215	0.94%	42.82	5.86
Alt - university or college-based program	2,097	9.18%	43.17	5.91
Alt - district provider	349	1.53%	41.02	6.77
Other	294	1.29%	41.06	7.04
Decline to answer	497	2.18%	43.09	5.43

Ethnicity

The Ethnicity Table displays mean scores, standard deviations, and submission volumes of each ethnicity group.

Ethnicity	N	% of N	Mean	Std Dev
African American/Black	1,523	6.67%	41.34	5.95
American Indian or Alaskan Native	88	0.39%	42.88	5.19
Asian or Pacific Islander	723	3.17%	43.74	5.79
Hispanic	1,942	8.50%	42.89	5.64
White	17,278	75.64%	43.69	5.46
Multiracial	725	3.17%	42.91	5.96
Other	205	0.90%	43.84	5.80
Undeclared	359	1.57%	43.13	5.45

Modeled Pass Rates (in %) by Demographic Communities

The Modeled Pass Rates by Demographic Communities reveals the percentage pass rate by gender and ethnicity by cut scores within the range of 35–42.

Gender

Cut Score	All	Not Provided	Male	Female
35	92	94	89	93
36	90	92	87	91
37	87	91	83	88
38	84	87	80	85
39	82	85	77	83
40	78	81	73	79
41	74	75	68	75
42	69	71	63	70

Ethnicity

Cut Score	All	African American/Black	American Indian or Alaskan Native	Asian or Pacific Islander	Hispanic	White	Multiracial	Other	Undeclared
35	92	85	92	93	91	93	90	93	94
36	90	82	90	91	88	91	87	91	92
37	87	79	87	87	85	89	85	86	87
38	84	74	83	85	82	86	82	83	83
39	82	70	79	83	78	83	80	81	79
40	78	65	73	78	75	80	75	76	76
41	74	59	66	75	71	75	71	71	71
42	69	52	61	70	66	70	66	67	67

Note: Based on 2021 examinees in all states with a total National score based on 15 rubrics

Primary Language

The Primary Language Table displays mean scores, standard deviations, and submission volumes of candidates that identify whether English is their primary language.

Primary Language	N	% of N	Mean	Std Dev
Yes	22,159	97.01%	43.44	5.57
No	475	2.08%	43.07	5.65
Declined to answer	209	0.91%	43.18	5.65

Gender

The Gender Table below displays mean scores, standard deviations, and submission volumes of each candidate identified gender.

Gender	N	% of N	Mean	Std Dev
Not Provided	325	1.42%	43.81	5.71
Male	4,365	19.11%	42.57	5.88
Female	18,153	79.47%	43.63	5.47

Education Level

The Education Level Table below displays mean scores, standard deviations, and submission volumes of the candidates' achieved level of education completed prior to taking edTPA.

Education Level	N	% of N	Mean	Std Dev
High school/Some college	12,554	54.96%	43.21	5.44
Bachelors/Bachelors plus credits	8,510	37.25%	43.74	5.65
Masters/Masters plus credits	1,677	7.34%	43.44	6.05
Doctorate	102	0.45%	45.04	5.69

Regression Analysis

Regression analyses are used to determine whether variables significantly predict an outcome, and the extent to which these variables explain the differences in outcomes within the sample. To examine the contribution of all demographic factors to the performance of the candidates, a multiple regression model including school context variables, program type, student characteristics, ethnicity, gender, education level, and primary language was run to examine the extent to which demographic factors explain the variability in total edTPA scores. It is important to note that finding that a factor is a "statistically significant" predictor does not necessarily indicate that this factor makes a substantial or meaningful difference in outcomes.

Factor	Variance Explained-R² (%)
Teacher Preparation Route	0.60%
School Locale	0.11%
Gender	0.53%
Ethnicity	1.04%
Primary Language	0.00%
Education Level	0.79%
Length of Placement (weeks)	0.14%
Free and Reduced-Price Lunch	0.15%
Special Education Eligibility	0.12%
English Language Learners	0.02%
Overall Model	3.00%

Additional Information

Performance by Content Field

Summary descriptive statistics and distributions for each task and rubric for the 28,943 edTPA portfolios, in fields scored based on 15 rubrics and submitted January 1 to December 31, 2021, are presented in the following table, including N, Total Mean Score, and Average Score for each rubric and task.*

*Does not include 13-rubric fields (World Language, Classical Languages); includes first 15 rubrics of Elementary Education only.

Average candidate performance for 15-rubric content fields

	N	Total Score Mean	Planning					Instruction					Assessment					Mean by Task
	N	Total Score Mean	P01	P02	P03	P04	P05	I06	I07	I08	I09	I10	A11	A12	A13	A14	A15	P	I	A
All 15-Rubric Handbooks	28,943	43.3	3.0	2.8	3.0	2.9	2.8	3.0	2.9	2.8	2.8	2.7	2.9	3.3	2.7	2.8	2.9	14.5	14.3	14.5
Agricultural Education	167	44.8	3.4	2.9	3.0	2.9	3.0	3.1	3.0	2.9	3.3	2.8	3.0	3.2	2.8	2.8	2.9	15.1	15	14.6
Business Education	146	44.5	3.1	3.0	3.0	2.9	3.1	3.1	3.1	2.9	3.0	2.8	2.9	3.3	2.7	2.7	3.0	15.1	14.8	14.6
Early Childhood	2,406	41.4	2.9	2.8	2.8	3.0	2.8	3.0	3.0	2.9	2.3	2.7	2.7	2.6	2.4	2.9	2.8	14.3	13.8	13.2
Educational Technology Specialist	2	Low n	Low n	Low n	Low n	Low n	Low n	Low n	Low n	Low n	Low n	Low n	Low n	Low n	Low n	Low n	Low n	Low n	Low n	Low n
Elementary Education: Literacy with Mathematics Task 4	7,338	43.1	2.8	2.8	3.1	2.8	2.7	3.0	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.7	2.9	3.4	2.8	2.8	3.0	14.2	14.1	14.8
Elementary Education: Mathematics with Literacy Task 4	570	44.9	3.0	2.8	3.1	2.9	2.8	3.0	3.0	2.9	3.1	2.8	3.1	3.4	2.9	3.0	3.0	14.7	14.8	15.4
Elementary Literacy	2,261	43.1	2.9	2.8	3.0	2.8	2.7	3.0	2.9	2.8	2.9	2.7	2.9	3.3	2.8	2.7	3.0	14.2	14.3	14.7
Elementary Mathematics	2,167	43.4	3.0	2.8	3.1	2.7	2.8	3.0	2.9	2.7	3.0	2.8	3.0	3.2	2.8	2.7	2.9	14.4	14.4	14.6
English as an Additional Language	234	45.6	3.4	3.1	3.2	3.1	3.2	3.1	3.0	2.9	2.8	2.8	3.1	3.2	2.7	2.9	3.1	16	14.6	15
Family and Consumer Sciences	85	42.3	3.0	2.9	3.0	3.0	2.7	3.0	2.8	2.6	2.7	2.7	2.8	3.0	2.6	2.7	2.8	14.6	13.8	13.9
Health Education	110	40.8	2.8	2.6	2.7	2.6	3.0	3.0	2.7	2.5	2.5	2.7	2.8	3.1	2.7	2.5	2.6	13.7	13.3	13.7
K–12 Performing Arts	1,237	44.0	3.0	2.9	3.1	2.9	3.0	3.0	2.9	2.7	2.9	2.7	3.0	3.2	2.7	2.9	3.0	14.9	14.2	14.8
Literacy Specialist	2	Low n	Low n	Low n	Low n	Low n	Low n	Low n	Low n	Low n	Low n	Low n	Low n	Low n	Low n	Low n	Low n	Low n	Low n	Low n
Middle Childhood English-Language Arts	328	44.9	3.2	3.0	3.2	3.0	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.0	2.9	2.7	2.9	3.3	2.7	2.8	3.0	15.5	14.8	14.6
Middle Childhood History/Social Studies	295	44.2	3.1	3.1	3.3	2.9	2.9	3.1	2.9	2.8	2.7	2.6	3.0	3.5	2.7	2.8	2.8	15.3	14.1	14.8
Middle Childhood Mathematics	517	44.1	3.1	2.8	3.2	2.8	2.9	3.1	2.8	2.8	3.0	2.6	3.1	3.5	2.8	2.8	2.9	14.7	14.2	15.1
Middle Childhood Science	306	43.2	3.0	2.8	3.1	2.8	2.9	3.1	2.9	2.8	2.6	2.6	3.0	3.2	2.7	2.7	2.8	14.7	14	14.6
Physical Education	686	39.0	2.8	2.8	2.6	2.5	2.6	2.7	2.8	2.8	2.9	2.4	2.4	2.9	2.3	2.3	2.4	13.3	13.5	12.2
School Librarian/Library Specialist	24	42.5	3.2	2.4	3.2	2.6	2.6	3.2	2.9	3.0	2.8	2.0	3.1	3.4	2.5	2.8	2.8	14	13.9	14.6
Secondary English-Language Arts	1,858	46.0	3.2	3.1	3.2	3.0	3.1	3.1	3.0	2.9	2.9	2.8	3.2	3.6	2.8	3.0	3.1	15.6	14.7	15.6
Secondary History/Social Studies	1,734	44.6	3.0	2.9	3.0	2.9	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	2.8	2.8	3.0	3.4	2.8	2.9	3.0	14.9	14.7	15
Secondary Mathematics	1,186	39.6	2.7	2.4	2.8	2.5	2.5	3.0	2.4	2.5	2.8	2.4	2.5	3.5	2.5	2.6	2.5	12.9	13.2	13.5
Secondary Science	1,340	41.8	3.0	2.5	3.0	2.7	2.8	3.1	2.8	2.7	2.5	2.4	3.0	3.4	2.5	2.8	2.6	14	13.5	14.3
Special Education	3,322	43.9	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	2.9	3.1	3.1	3.0	3.0	2.6	2.7	3.1	2.6	3.0	2.7	14.9	14.8	14.1
Technology and Engineering Education	52	45.6	3.2	3.1	3.1	3.3	3.0	3.1	2.9	2.8	3.0	2.8	3.0	3.4	3.0	2.9	3.0	15.7	14.6	15.4
Visual Arts	570	48.7	3.7	3.4	3.5	3.4	3.5	3.2	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.0	3.2	3.5	2.8	2.9	3.2	17.5	15.5	15.7

Average candidate performance for 13-rubric content fields

	N	Total Score Mean	Planning					Instruction					Assessment					Mean by Task
	N	Total Score Mean	P01	P02	P03	P04	P05	I06	I07	I08	I09	I10	A11	A12	A13	A14	A15	P	I	A
All 13-Rubric Handbooks	444	35	3.0	2.9	3.0		2.9	3.1	2.5	2.3	2.0	2.4	2.7	3.0	2.6		2.6	11.8	12.2	10.9
Classical Languages	5	Low n	Low n	Low n	Low n		Low n	Low n	Low n	Low n	Low n	Low n	Low n	Low n	Low n		Low n	Low n	Low n	Low n
World Language	439	35	3.1	2.9	3.0		2.9	3.1	2.5	2.3	2.0	2.4	2.7	3.0	2.6		2.6	11.8	12.2	10.9

Average candidate performance for 18-rubric content fields

	N	Total Score Mean	Planning					Instruction					Assessment					Mathematics			Mean by Task
	N	Total Score Mean	P01	P02	P03	P04	P05	I06	I07	I08	I09	I10	A11	A12	A13	A14	A15	M19	M20	M21	P	I	A
All 18-Rubric Handbooks	7,647	51.7	2.9	2.8	3.1	2.9	2.7	3.0	2.8	2.9	2.8	2.7	2.9	3.4	2.8	2.8	3.0	2.7	2.9	2.7	14.3	14.2	14.9
Elementary Education: Literacy with Mathematics Task 4	7,088	51.6	2.8	2.8	3.1	2.9	2.7	3.0	2.8	2.9	2.8	2.7	2.9	3.4	2.8	2.8	3.0	2.7	2.9	2.7	14.3	14.1	14.9
Elementary Education: Mathematics with Literacy Task 4	559	53.4	3.0	2.8	3.1	3.0	2.8	3.0	3.0	2.9	3.1	2.8	3.1	3.4	2.9	3.0	3.0	2.7	2.8	2.9	14.7	14.8	15.4

Score Distributions by Content Field

Percentage of score distributions, from < 35 through > 42, by handbook, including N and Mean Score.*

*Does not include 13-rubric fields (World Language, Classical Languages); includes first 15 rubrics of Elementary Education only.

Mean scores and distribution of total scores across 15-rubric national content fields

	N	Mean Score	Distribution of Total Score (%)
	N	Mean Score	< 35	35	36	37	38	39	40	41	42	> 42
All 15-Rubric Handbooks	28,943	43.3	8	2	3	3	3	4	5	5	6	63
Agricultural Education	167	44.8	7	1	2	2	2	5	4	3	5	69
Business Education	146	44.5	1	1	1	1	2	3	5	5	6	75
Early Childhood	2,406	41.4	8	2	3	5	4	7	9	9	10	44
Educational Technology Specialist	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Elementary Education: Literacy with Mathematics Task 4	7,338	43.1	8	2	3	3	3	4	4	4	6	64
Elementary Education: Mathematics with Literacy Task 4	570	44.9	4	1	2	2	2	2	2	3	6	76
Elementary Literacy	2,261	43.1	9	2	3	3	2	2	4	5	6	64
Elementary Mathematics	2,167	43.4	6	2	2	2	2	3	4	5	6	68
English as an Additional Language	234	45.6	6	2	3	2	2	2	4	3	3	74
Family and Consumer Sciences	85	42.3	12	4	2	4	1	-	5	4	5	65
Health Education	110	40.8	17	5	5	4	5	3	5	7	6	43
K–12 Performing Arts	1,237	44.0	7	2	2	3	3	4	5	6	8	61
Literacy Specialist	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Middle Childhood English-Language Arts	328	44.9	11	1	2	2	2	3	2	4	4	69
Middle Childhood History/Social Studies	295	44.2	5	2	3	1	2	5	4	5	7	66
Middle Childhood Mathematics	517	44.1	6	2	2	4	3	3	3	5	6	66
Middle Childhood Science	306	43.2	10	4	2	2	3	3	4	5	4	63
Physical Education	686	39.0	19	5	6	6	5	9	10	7	8	25
School Librarian/Library Specialist	24	42.5	8	8	8	4	4	-	-	8	4	54
Secondary English-Language Arts	1,858	46.0	3	1	1	2	1	2	3	3	4	80
Secondary History/Social Studies	1,734	44.6	3	1	1	2	1	2	3	4	6	78
Secondary Mathematics	1,186	39.6	18	4	5	7	5	7	8	6	6	33
Secondary Science	1,340	41.8	12	3	5	5	4	4	5	6	7	49
Special Education	3,322	43.9	7	2	3	3	2	3	4	4	5	67
Technology and Engineering Education	52	45.6	2	-	-	4	8	-	6	4	12	65
Visual Arts	570	48.7	2	0	0	1	0	2	2	3	3	87

Mean scores and distribution of total scores across 13-rubric national content fields

	N	Mean Score	Distribution of Total Score (%)
	N	Mean Score	< 30	30	31	32	33	34	35	> 35
All 13-Rubric Handbooks	444	35	20	3	5	3	5	6	10	48
Classical Languages	5	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
World Language	439	35	20	3	5	3	5	6	10	48

Mean scores and distribution of total scores across 18-rubric national content fields

	N	Mean Score	Distribution of Total Score (%)
	N	Mean Score	< 40	40	41	42	43	44	45	46	47	48	49	> 49
All 18-Rubric Handbooks	7,647	51.7	5	2	2	2	2	3	2	3	3	3	4	70
Elementary Education: Literacy with Mathematics Task 4	7,088	51.6	5	2	2	2	2	3	2	3	3	3	4	69
Elementary Education: Mathematics with Literacy Task 4	559	53.4	3	1	1	2	1	1	1	1	2	2	3	81

Portfolios Represented by State

Approximate percentage of the total sample each state contributed

State	% of Total Sample
AK	0.1%
AL	6.7%
AR	0.8%
AZ	0.4%
CA	8.9%
CO	0.8%
CT	1.6%
DC	0.1%
DE	0.6%
FL	0.3%
GA	1%
GU	0%
HI	0.1%
IA	0.9%
ID	0.4%
IL	0.9%
IN	3.4%
KS	0.1%
KY	0.1%
LA	0.1%
MA	0%
MD	3.5%
ME	0%
MI	0.2%
MN	2.9%
MO	0.5%
MP	0%
MS	0%
MT	0.2%
NC	12.8%
ND	0%
NE	0.3%
NH	0%
NJ	9.1%
NM	0%
NV	0.4%
NY	3.8%
OH	8.5%
OK	0.1%
OR	3.1%
PA	0.3%
RI	0%
SC	0.8%
SD	0%
TN	6.9%
TX	3.2%
UT	4.2%
VA	2.2%
VT	0%
WA	5.7%
WI	1.1%
WV	0.5%
WY	0.6%

Consequential Use by Content Field

Average scores and standard deviations from all states, from states without policy, and from states with policy for 15-rubric content fields

15 Rubrics

Field	All			Non-Policy			Policy States
Field	N	Mean	Std Deviation	N	Mean	Std Deviation	N	Mean	Std Deviation
Agricultural Education	167	44.79	6.67	32	41.75	9.07	135	45.51	5.77
Business Education	146	44.51	3.80	20	45.10	3.68	126	44.42	3.82
Early Childhood	2,406	41.40	4.43	190	39.12	4.96	2,216	41.60	4.32
Educational Technology Specialist	2	39.00	4.24	1	36.00		1	42.00
Elementary Education: Literacy with Mathematics Task 4	7,338	43.13	5.43	1,616	42.67	5.65	5,722	43.26	5.36
Elementary Education: Mathematics with Literacy Task 4	570	44.88	4.87	42	44.90	5.72	528	44.87	4.80
Elementary Literacy	2,261	43.13	5.47	569	42.31	5.50	1,692	43.4	5.44
Elementary Mathematics	2,167	43.45	4.86	966	44.09	4.57	1,201	42.93	5.03
English as an Additional Language	234	45.58	6.02	35	44.37	7.13	199	45.79	5.80
Family and Consumer Sciences	85	42.32	6.66	19	43.05	4.77	66	42.11	7.13
Health Education	110	40.76	6.32	15	41.67	5.69	95	40.62	6.42
K–12 Performing Arts	1,237	44.00	6.08	182	42.82	6.50	1,055	44.21	5.99
Literacy Specialist	2	48.00	2.83	1	50.00		1	46.00
Middle Childhood English-Language Arts	328	44.90	7.43	33	42.06	7.93	295	45.22	7.32
Middle Childhood History/Social Studies	295	44.20	5.27	23	42.39	5.14	272	44.35	5.26
Middle Childhood Mathematics	517	44.06	5.66	77	44.16	5.66	440	44.05	5.67
Middle Childhood Science	306	43.24	6.14	42	41.95	7.07	264	43.44	5.96
Physical Education	686	39.03	5.35	75	37.79	7.32	611	39.18	5.04
School Librarian/Library Specialist	24	42.54	6.57	2	39.00	4.24	22	42.86	6.72
Secondary English-Language Arts	1,858	46.01	5.20	331	44.88	5.38	1,527	46.26	5.13
Secondary History/Social Studies	1,734	44.65	4.30	260	44.07	4.55	1,474	44.75	4.25
Secondary Mathematics	1,186	39.64	4.95	226	39.04	4.63	960	39.78	5.01
Secondary Science	1,340	41.81	5.75	295	41.35	5.91	1,045	41.94	5.70
Special Education	3,322	43.88	5.84	983	43.89	6.32	2,339	43.87	5.63
Technology and Engineering Education	52	45.63	6.17	7	44.00	5.60	45	45.89	6.27
Visual Arts	570	48.70	6.02	58	46.29	6.40	512	48.97	5.92
All 15-Rubric Handbooks	28,943	43.33	5.62	6,100	42.95	5.80	22,843	43.43	5.57

Average scores and standard deviations from all states, from states without policy, and from states with policy for 13-rubric content fields

13 Rubrics

Field	All			Non-Policy			Policy States
Field	N	Mean	Std Deviation	N	Mean	Std Deviation	N	Mean	Std Deviation
Classical Languages	5	31.60	5.13	-	-	-	5	31.60	5.13
World Language	439	35.04	5.75	68	34.10	6.06	371	35.21	5.68
All 13-Rubric Handbooks	444	35.00	5.75	68	34.10	6.06	376	35.16	5.68

Average scores and standard deviations from all states, from states without policy, and from states with policy for 18-rubric content fields

18 Rubrics

Field	All			Non-Policy			Policy States
Field	N	Mean	Std Deviation	N	Mean	Std Deviation	N	Mean	Std Deviation
Elementary Education: Literacy with Mathematics Task 4	7,088	51.58	6.48	1,562	51.01	6.88	5,526	51.74	6.36
Elementary Education: Mathematics with Literacy Task 4	559	53.36	5.96	42	53.29	7.15	517	53.37	5.86
All 18-Rubric Handbooks	7,647	51.71	6.46	1,604	51.07	6.89	6,043	51.88	6.34

ANOVAs and Post-Hoc Analyses

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) analyses are used to determine if there is a significant difference between two or more means. To examine whether there was a significant difference in candidates' total edTPA scores (dependent variable/outcome) when candidates were grouped by demographic characteristics (independent variables), a series of One-Way ANOVAs (an ANOVA with one independent variable or factor) were conducted. These demographic characteristics included school context variables, program type, student characteristics, ethnicity, gender, education level, and primary language.

Because a significant ANOVA result does not indicate the specific pair(s) of means that are significantly different, a series of Tukey's HSD Post-Hoc Analyses were conducted. Tukey's HSD Post-Hoc Analyses compares all possible pairs of means and determines whether there are significant differences between pairs of means while controlling for experiment-wise/family-wise error rate.

School Locale

ANOVA

Source	DF	Sum of Squares	Mean Square	F Value	Sig*
Model	4	970.8987	242.7247	7.83	<.0001
Error	22838	707716.7447	30.9886
Corrected Total	22842	708687.6434

Post-Hoc Analyses

School Locale	Difference Between Means	Sig. at 0.05
Suburb - City	0.47106	***
Suburb - Town	0.46846	***
Suburb - Rural	0.28338
City - Suburb	negative 0.47106	***
City - Town	negative 0.00260
City - Rural	negative 0.18768
Town - Suburb	negative 0.46846	***
Town - City	0.00260
Town - Rural	negative 0.18508
Rural - Suburb	negative 0.28338
Rural - City	0.18768
Rural - Town	0.18508

*** Comparisons significant at the 0.05 level

Percentage ELL

Source	DF	Sum of Squares	Mean Square	F Value	Sig*
Model	5	687.4381	137.4876	4.43	0.0005
Error	22837	708000.2052	31.0023
Corrected Total	22842	708687.6434

Percent of English Language Learners	Difference Between Means	Sig. at 0.05
<10% – 26-50%	0.18358
<10% – 10-25%	0.04709
<10% – 51-75%	0.81435	***
<10% – 76-100%	0.49521
10-25% – 26-50%	0.13649
10-25% – 51-75%	0.76726	***
10-25% – 76-100%	0.44812
10-25% – <10%	negative 0.04709
26-50% – 10-25%	negative 0.13649
26-50% – 51-75%	0.63077
26-50% – 76-100%	0.31163
26-50% – <10%	negative 0.18358
51-75% – 26-50%	negative 0.63077
51-75% – 10-25%	negative 0.76726	***
51-75% – 76-100%	negative 0.31914
51-75% – <10%	negative 0.81435	***
76-100% – 26-50%	negative 0.31163
76-100% – 10-25%	negative 0.44812
76-100% – 51-75%	0.31914
76-100% – <10%	negative 0.49521

*** Comparisons significant at the 0.05 level

Percentage Free and Reduced-Price Lunch Eligibility

Source	DF	Sum of Squares	Mean Square	F Value	Sig*
Model	5	2381.2292	476.2458	15.40	<.0001
Error	22837	706306.4142	30.9282
Corrected Total	22842	708687.6434

Percent Qualified for Free and Reduced-Price Lunch	Difference Between Means	Sig. at 0.05
10-25% – 26-50%	0.06007
10-25% – <10%	negative 0.04871
10-25% – 51-75%	0.27732
10-25% – 76-100%	0.79546	***
26-50% – 10-25%	negative 0.06007
26-50% – <10%	negative 0.10878
26-50% – 51-75%	0.21725
26-50% – 76-100%	0.73540	***
<10% – 10-25%	0.04871
<10% – 26-50%	0.10878
<10% – 51-75%	0.32603
<10% – 76-100%	0.84417	***
51-75% – 10-25%	negative 0.27732
51-75% – 26-50%	negative 0.21725
51-75% – <10%	negative 0.32603
51-75% – 76-100%	0.51815	***
76-100% – 10-25%	negative 0.79546	***
76-100% – 26-50%	negative 0.73540	***
76-100% – <10%	negative 0.84417	***
76-100% – 51-75%	negative 0.51815	***

*** Comparisons significant at the 0.05 level

Percentage SPED Eligibility

ANOVA

Source	DF	Sum of Squares	Mean Square	F Value	Sig*
Model	5	1128.6625	225.7325	7.29	<.0001
Error	22837	707558.9809	30.9830
Corrected Total	22842	708687.6434

Percent of Students Eligible for Special Education	Difference Between Means	Sig. at 0.05
<10% – 76-100%	negative 0.24431
<10% – 10-25%	negative 0.24431
<10% – 26-50%	0.44925
<10% – 51-75%	1.34529
10-25% – 76-100%	negative 0.28911
10-25% – <10%	negative 0.04480
10-25% – 26-50%	0.40445
10-25% – 51-75%	1.30049	***
26-50% – 76-100%	negative 0.69356	***
26-50% – 10-25%	negative 0.40445
26-50% – <10%	negative 0.44925	***
26-50% – 51-75%	0.89604
51-75% – 76-100%	negative 1.58960	***
51-75% – 10-25%	negative 1.30049	***
51-75% – <10%	negative 1.34529	***
51-75% – 26-50%	negative 0.89604
76-100% – 10-25%	0.28911
76-100% – <10%	0.24431
76-100% – 26-50%	0.69356	***
76-100% – 51-75%	1.58960	***

*** Comparisons significant at the 0.05 level

Placement Length

Source	DF	Sum of Squares	Mean Square	F Value	Sig*
Model	6	1810.1011	301.6835	9.75	<.0001
Error	22836	706877.5423	30.9545
Corrected Total	22842	708687.6434

Length of Placement	Difference Between Means	Sig. at 0.05
21-30 – 31-40	0.61871	***
21-30 – 11-20	0.35390	***
21-30 – 1-10	0.41942	***
21-30 – 41+	0.96899	***
21-30 – 0	1.09676	***
31-40 – 21-30	negative 0.61871	***
31-40 – 11-20	negative 0.26481
31-40 – 1-10	negative 0.19928
31-40 – 41+	0.35029
31-40 – 0	0.47806
11-20 – 21-30	negative 0.35390	***
11-20 – 31-40	0.26481
11-20 – 1-10	0.06553
11-20 – 41+	0.61509	***
11-20 – 0	0.74286
1-10 – 21-30	negative 0.41942	***
1-10 – 31-40	0.19928
1-10 – 11-20	negative 0.06553
1-10 – 41+	0.54957	***
1-10 – 0	0.67734	***
41+ – 21-30	negative 0.96899	***
41+ – 31-40	negative 0.35029
41+ – 11-20	negative 0.61509	***
41+ – 1-10	negative 0.54957	***
41+ – 0	0.12777
0 – 21-30	negative 1.09676
0 – 31-40	negative 0.47806
0 – 11-20	negative 0.74286
0 – 1-10	negative 0.67734
0 – 41+	negative 0.12777

*** Comparisons significant at the 0.05 level

Preparation Route

Source	DF	Sum of Squares	Mean Square	F Value	Sig*
Model	5	4270.7415	854.1483	27.69	<.0001
Error	22837	704416.9019	30.8454
Corrected Total	22842	708687.6434

Teacher Preparation Route	Difference Between Means	Sig. at 0.05
Traditional EPP – Teach for America	0.73231
Traditional EPP – Alt – university or college-based program	0.38628	***
Traditional EPP – Alt – district provider	2.53838	***
Traditional EPP – Other	2.49774	***
Teach for America – Traditional EPP	negative 0.73231
Teach for America – Alt – university or college-based program	negative 0.34603
Teach for America – Alt – district provider	1.80606	***
Teach for America – Other	1.76543	***
Alt – university or college-based program – Traditional EPP	negative 0.38628	***
Alt – university or college-based program – Teach for America	0.34603
Alt – university or college-based program – Alt – district provider	2.15210	***
Alt – university or college-based program – Other	2.11147	***
Alt – district provider – Traditional EPP	negative 2.53838	***
Alt – district provider – Teach for America	negative 1.80606	***
Alt – district provider – Alt – university or college-based program	negative 0.36488
Alt – district provider - Other	negative 0.04063
Other – Traditional EPP	negative 2.4977425	***
Other – Teach for America	negative 1.76543	***
Other – Alt – university or college-based program	negative 2.11147	***
Other – Alt – district provider	0.04063

*** Comparisons significant at the 0.05 level

Ethnicity

ANOVA

Source	DF	Sum of Squares	Mean Square	F Value	Sig*
Model	7	8736.6153	1248.0879	40.72	<.0001
Error	22835	699951.0281	30.6526
Corrected Total	22842	708687.6434

Post-Hoc Analyses

Ethnicity	Difference Between Means	Sig. at 0.05
Asian – White	negative 0.05215
Asian – Multiracial	0.82964
Asian – Hispanic	0.85654
Asian – Native American	0.86774
Asian – Black	2.39934
Black – White	negative 2.34719	***
Black – Asian	negative 2.39934	***
Black – Multiracial	negative 1.56970	***
Black – Hispanic	negative 1.54280	***
Black – Native American	negative 1.53160
Hispanic – White	negative 0.80439	***
Hispanic – Asian	negative 0.85654	***
Hispanic – Multiracial	negative 0.02690
Hispanic – Native American	0.01120
Hispanic – Black	1.54280	***
Multiracial – White	negative 0.77749	***
Multiracial – Asian	negative 0.82964
Multiracial – Hispanic	0.02690
Multiracial – Native American	0.03810
Multiracial – Black	1.79030
Native American – White	negative 0.81559
Native American – Asian	negative 0.86774
Native American – Multiracial	negative 0.03810
Native American – Hispanic	negative 0.01120
Native American – Black	1.53160
White – Asian	negative 0.05215
White – Multiracial	0.77749
White – Hispanic	0.80439
White – Native American	0.81559
White – Black	2.34719	***

*** Comparisons significant at the 0.05 level

Primary Language

ANOVA

Source	DF	Sum of Squares	Mean Square	F Value	Sig*
Model	2	77.1168	38.5584	1.24	0.2886
Error	22840	708610.5266	31.0250
Corrected Total	22842	708687.6434

Gender

ANOVA

Source	DF	Sum of Squares	Mean Square	F Value	Sig*
Model	1	3990.9073	3990.9073	129.46	<.0001
Error	22516	694101.5428	30.8270
Corrected Total	22517	698092.4501

Post-Hoc Analyses

Gender	Difference Between Means	Sig. at 0.05
Male – Female	negative 1.06	***
Female – Male	1.06	***

*** Comparisons significant at the 0.05 level

Education Level

ANOVA

Source	DF	Sum of Squares	Mean Square	F Value	Sig*
Model	3	1689.4285	563.1428	18.19	<.0001
Error	22839	706998.2149	30.9557
Corrected Total	22842	707687.6434

Post-Hoc Analyses

Education Level	Difference Between Means	Sig. at 0.05
Bachelor's/Bachelor's plus – High school/Some college	0.52995	***
Bachelor's/Bachelor's plus – Master's/Master's plus credits	0.29953
Bachelor's/Bachelor's plus – Doctorate	negative 1.29962
High school/Some college – Bachelor's/Bachelor's plus	negative 0.52995	***
High school/Some college – Master's/Master's plus credits	negative 0.23042
High school/Some college – Doctorate	negative 1.82956	***
Master's/Master's plus credits – Bachelor's/Bachelor's plus	negative 0.29953
Master's/Master's plus credits – High school/Some college	0.23042
Master's/Master's plus credits – Doctorate	negative 1.59914	***
Doctorate – Bachelor's/Bachelor's plus	1.29962
Doctorate – High school/Some college	1.82956	***
Doctorate – Master's/Master's plus credits	1.59914	***

*** Comparisons significant at the 0.05 level

Top of Page

Cut Score	All	Not Provided	Male	Female
35	92	94	89	93
36	90	92	87	91
37	87	91	83	88
38	84	87	80	85
39	82	85	77	83
40	78	81	73	79
41	74	75	68	75
42	69	71	63	70

Cut Score	All	African American/Black	American Indian or Alaskan Native	Asian or Pacific Islander	Hispanic	White	Multiracial	Other	Undeclared
35	92	85	92	93	91	93	90	93	94
36	90	82	90	91	88	91	87	91	92
37	87	79	87	87	85	89	85	86	87
38	84	74	83	85	82	86	82	83	83
39	82	70	79	83	78	83	80	81	79
40	78	65	73	78	75	80	75	76	76
41	74	59	66	75	71	75	71	71	71
42	69	52	61	70	66	70	66	67	67

Cut Score	All	Not Provided	Male	Female
35	92	94	89	93
36	90	92	87	91
37	87	91	83	88
38	84	87	80	85
39	82	85	77	83
40	78	81	73	79
41	74	75	68	75
42	69	71	63	70

Cut Score	All	African American/Black	American Indian or Alaskan Native	Asian or Pacific Islander	Hispanic	White	Multiracial	Other	Undeclared
35	92	85	92	93	91	93	90	93	94
36	90	82	90	91	88	91	87	91	92
37	87	79	87	87	85	89	85	86	87
38	84	74	83	85	82	86	82	83	83
39	82	70	79	83	78	83	80	81	79
40	78	65	73	78	75	80	75	76	76
41	74	59	66	75	71	75	71	71	71
42	69	52	61	70	66	70	66	67	67

Cut Score	All	Not Provided	Male	Female
35	92	94	89	93
36	90	92	87	91
37	87	91	83	88
38	84	87	80	85
39	82	85	77	83
40	78	81	73	79
41	74	75	68	75
42	69	71	63	70

Cut Score	All	African American/Black	American Indian or Alaskan Native	Asian or Pacific Islander	Hispanic	White	Multiracial	Other	Undeclared
35	92	85	92	93	91	93	90	93	94
36	90	82	90	91	88	91	87	91	92
37	87	79	87	87	85	89	85	86	87
38	84	74	83	85	82	86	82	83	83
39	82	70	79	83	78	83	80	81	79
40	78	65	73	78	75	80	75	76	76
41	74	59	66	75	71	75	71	71	71
42	69	52	61	70	66	70	66	67	67